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MLA Style

Works cited

A works cited entry is a detailed description of an information source from which you quoted, summarized or paraphrazed an idea. It provides the author, the title, and the location information of the source. There are slight differences in the way these elements are presented depending on the type of source, (i.e. book, article, etc.) you need to cite.

Click on one of the options below to see examples of book citations.

Book

When you cite a book, begin the entry with the author's name reversed for alphabetizing. Continue with the title of the book italicized. If an edition statement is available, provide it just after the book title (e.g. Technology & the Future. 10th ed.,) Continue providing the publisher and the publication date of the source. If you accessed the book from the library's online databases or the web, provide the name of the database/website, italicized. Conclude the entry with the URL (including a doi or permalink, if available), where the book can be located.

Online database with DOI

  • Author's Last name, First name. Title of Book. Publisher, Year of Publication. Title of Database, https://doi.org/xxxx.xxxxxx.
  • Hassanieh, Haitham. The Sparse Fourier Transform: Theory and Practice. Association for Computing Machinery Morgan/Claypool, 2018. ACM Digital Library, https://doi.org/10.1145/3166186.
Online database without DOI
Online web with DOI
  • Author's Last name, First name. Title of Book. Publisher, Year of Publication. https://doi.org/xxxx.xxxxxx.
  • Imperatori, Barbara. Engagement and Disengagement at Work: Drivers and Organizational Practices to Sustain Employee Passion and Performance. Springer, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51886-2.
Online web without DOI
Print format
  • Author's Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. Publisher, Year of Publication.
  • Munson, Ziad W. Abortion Politics. Polity Press, 2018.

Book chapter

When you cite a chapter from an edited book, begin the entry with the name of the author of the chapter reversed for alphabetizing. Continue providing the title of the chapter in quotation marks. Proceed with the title of the book italicized. Add the phrase "edited by" and provide the editor's name in normal order. Provide the publisher and the year of publication followed by the inclusive page numbers of the chapter (if any). If you accessed the book from the library's online databases or the web, provide the name of the database/website, italicized. Conclude the entry with the URL (including a doi or permalink, if available), where the book can be located.

Online database with DOI
  • Author's Last name, First name. "Title of Chapter." Title of Book, edited by Editor's First name Last name, Publisher, Year of Publication, pp. xx-xx. Title of Database, https://doi.org/xxxx.xxxxxxx.
  • Bernstein, Phillip. "Leadership and Advocacy." Making Databases Work: The Pragmatic Wisdom of Michael Stonebraker, edited by Michael L. Brodie, Association for Computing Machinery/ Morgan & Claypool, 2018, pp. 87-91. ACM Digital Library, https://doi.org/10.1145/3226595.
Online database without DOI
Online web with DOI
  • Author's Last name, First name. "Title of Chapter." Title of Book, edited by Editor's First name Last name, Publisher, Year of Publication, pp. xx-xx. Title of Website, https://doi.org/xxxx.xxxxxxx.
  • Kalfopoulou, Adrianne. "Voice Rehearsals and Personas in Sylvia's Letters to Aurelia." Writers and Their Mothers, edited by Dale Salwak, Palgrave Macmillan, 2018, pp. 67-79. Google Books, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68348-5.
Online web without DOI
Print format
  • Author's Last name, First name. "Title of Chapter." Title of Book, edited by Editor's First name Last name, Publisher, Year of Publication, pp. xx-xx.
  • Pompper, Donnalyn. "Latin America and the Caribbean." World Broadcasting: A Comparative View, edited by Alan Wells, Ablex, 1996, pp. 185-206.

Reference book entry

When you cite an article or entry from a reference book, begin the entry with the name of the author reversed for alphabetizing. Continue providing the title of the article/entry in quotation marks. Proceed with the title of the book italicized. Add the phrase "edited by" and provide the editor's name in normal order. Provide the publisher and the publication date of the book followed by the inclusive page numbers of the article/entry (if any). If you accessed the encyclopedia from the library's online databases or the web, provide the name of the database/website, italicized. Conclude the entry with the URL (including a doi or permalink, if available), where the book can be located.

Online database with DOI
  • Author's Last name, First name. "Title of Article/Entry." Title of Reference Book, edited by Editor's First name Last name, Publisher, Year of Publication, pp. xx-xx. Title of Database, https://doi.org/xxxx.xxxxxxx.
  • Waldron, Jeremy. "Democracy." Oxford Handbook of Political Philosophy, edited by David Estlund, Oxford UP, 2012. Oxford Handbooks Online, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376692.013.0010.
Online database without DOI
Online web with DOI
  • Author's Last name, First name. "Title of Article/Entry." Title of Reference Book, edited by Editor's First name Last name, Publisher, Year of Publication, pp. xx-xx. Title of Website, https://doi.org/xxxx.xxxxxxx.
  • Johns, Gary. "Absenteeism and Mental Health." Handbook of Mental Health in the Workplace, edited by Jay C. Thomas and Michel Hersen, Sage, 2002, pp. 437-56. Google Books, https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452229386.
Online web without DOI
  • Author's Last name, First name. "Title of Article/Entry." Title of Reference Book, edited by Editor's First name Last name. Publisher, Year of Publication, pp. xx-xx. Title of Website, http://www.site.com.
  • Blatti, Stephan. "Animalism." The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by Edward N. Zalta, Stanford U, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), 2016, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/animalism/.
Print format
  • Author's Last name, First name. "Title of Article/Entry." Title of Reference Book, edited by Editor's First name Last name, Publisher, Year of Publication, pp. xx-xx.
  • Johns, Gary. "Absenteeism and Mental Health." Handbook of Mental Health in the Workplace, edited by Jay C. Thomas and Michel Hersen, Sage, 2002, pp. 437-56.

Book translated

When you cite a book, which is translated and refer primarily to the work itself, begin the entry providing the author's name reversed for alphabetizing. However, if your citations refer mostly on the translator's comments or wording, begin the entry with the translator's name followed by the descriptive label "translator" and give the author's name after the title of the book. Continue by giving the title of the book italicized. Provide the publisher and the publication date of the source. If you accessed the book from the library's online databases or the web, provide the name of the database/website, in which the book is contained, italicized. Conclude the entry providing the URL (including a doi or permalink, if available), where the book can be located.

Print format
  • Author's Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. Translated by Translator's First Name Last Name, Publisher, Year of Publication.
  • Homer. The Odyssey. Translated by Alexander Pope. Floating P, 2010.

    • –OR –

  • Translator's Last Name, First Name, translator. Title of Book. By Author's First Name Last Name. Publisher, Year of Publication.
  • Pope, Alexander, translator. The Odyssey. By Homer, Floating P, 2010.

Comic book

When you cite a comic book begin the entry providing the author's name reversed for alphabetizing. Continue providing the book title italicized followed by the issue number. If the comic book is published under a series title, then this element should be provided after the comic title italicized followed by the issue number. Provide the publisher and the publication date of the comic.

If you accessed the book from the library's online databases or the web provide the name of the database/website, in which the book is contained, italicized. Conclude the entry providing the URL (including a doi or permalink, if available) where the book can be located.

Print format
  • Author's Last Name, First Name. Title of Comic Book. No. x, Publisher, Year of Publication.
  • Costa, Mike. Web Warriors. No. 9, Marvel, 2016.

    • – OR –

  • Author's Last Name, First Name. Title of Comic Book. Title of Comic Series, no. x, Publisher, Year of Publication.
  • Smith, Jeff. Eyes of the Storm. Bone, no. 3, Scholastic, 2005.

Book in a non Latin language

When you cite a book written in a non-Latin language like Greek, Chinese, Russian, etc. treat it like any other book. Start the entry with the author's name reversed but romanize it as well. Add in brackets the name of the author transliterated. Continue providing the title of the work in the language in which it was originally written. You should also transliterate the work cited into the English alphabet and provide a translation of the title in English as well. Enclose in brackets the transliterated and the translated tiltes. Use semicolon to separate the transliterated title from the translated one. Provide the publisher of the source in the original language, transliterate and give also the english version if this is available as well as the year of publication. Conclude the entry providing the URL (including a doi or permalink, if available), where the book can be located.

Consult The Chicago Manual of Style available at JSB Library or the ALA-LC Romanization Tables to romanize terms in a particular language.

Print format
  • Author's Last Name, First Name Romanized [Author's Last Name, First Name Translitetared]. Title of Book in Original Language [Title of Book Transliterated Title of Book Translated]. Publisher in the Originally Written Language [Publisher Transliterated; Publisher English Version], Year of Publication.
  • Fragoudaki, Anna [Phragkudakē, Anna]. Η Γλώσσα και το Έθνος 1880-1980: Εκατό Χρόνια Αγώνες για την Αυθεντική Ελληνική Γλώσσα [Ē Glōssa kai to Ethnos 1880-1980: Ekato Xronia Agōnes gia tēn Uthentikē Ellinikē Glōssa; The Language and the Nation 1880-1980: One Hundred Years of Struggles for the Authentic Greek Language]. Αλεξάνδρεια [Alexandreia; Alexandria], 2001.

Click on one of the options below to see examples of article citations.

Journal article

When you cite a journal article, begin the entry with the author's name reversed for alphabetizing. Continue with the title of the article in quotation marks. Give the title of the periodical italicized and followed by volume and issue numbers (if any), the publication date, and the inclusive pages (if any). If you accessed the article from the library's online databases or the web, provide the title of database/website, italicized. Conclude the entry providing the URL (including a doi or permalink, if available), where the article can be located.
Online database with DOI
  • Author's Last name, First name. "Title of Article." Title of Journal, vol. x, no. x, Publication Date, pp. xx-xx. Title of Database, https://doi.org/xx.xxxxxxxxxx.
  • Castro, Antonio J. "The Role of Teacher Education in Preparing Teachers for Critical Multicultural Citizenship." Journal of Social Studies Research , vol. 38, no. 4, Oct. 2014, pp. 189-203. Education Full Text, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssr.2014.02.006.
Online database without DOI
Online web with DOI
  • Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article." Title of Journal, vol. x, no. x, pp. xx-xx, Publication Date, https://doi.org/xx.xxxxxxxxxx.
  • Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph. "The Outcome of Anorexia Nervosa in the 20th Century." The American Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 159, no. 8, Aug. 2002, pp. 1284-93, https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.159.8.1284.
Online web without DOI
  • Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article." Title of Journal, vol. x, no. x, pp. xx-xx, Publication Date. Title of Website, http://www.site.com.
  • Erfanmanesh, Mohammadamin. "Use of Multidimensional Library Anxiety Scale on Education and Psychology Students in Iran." Library Philosophy and Practice, 2011. Digital Commons @ U of Nebraska-Lincoln, http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1594&context= libphilprac.
Print format without DOI
  • Author's Last name, First name. "Title of Article." Title of Journal, vol. x, no. x, Publication Date, pp. xx-xx.
  • Rosenberg, Ruth E. "Among Compatriots and Savages: The Music of France's Lost Empire." The Musical Quarterly, vol. 128, no. 1, Spring 2012, pp. 36-70.

Magazine article

When you cite a magazine article, begin the entry with the author's name reversed for alphabetizing. Continue with the title of the article in quotation marks. Provide the title of the magazine italicized and followed by the volume and issue numbers (if any), the publication date and the inclusive pages (if any). If you accessed the article from the library's online databases or the web, provide the title of the database/website, italicized. Conclude the entry with the URL (permalink if available), where the article can be located.
Online database
Online web
Print format
  • Author's Last name, First name. "Title of Article." Title of Magazine, vol. x, no. x, Publication Date, pp. xx-xx.
  • Chase, Ivan. "Life Is a Shell Game." Scientific American, vol. 306, no. 6, June 2012, pp. 76-79.

Newspaper article

When you cite a newspaper article, begin the entry with the author's name reversed for alphabetizing. Continue with the title of the article in quotation marks. Provide the title of the newspaper italicized and followed by the publication date and the inclusive pages (if any). If the article does not appear on consecutive pages, include only the first page number and a plus (+) sign. If you accessed the newspaper article from the library's online databases or the web, provide the title of database/website, italicized. Conclude the entry with the URL (permalink, if available), where the source can be located.
Online database
Online web
Print format
  • Author's Last name, First name. "Title of Article." Title of Newspaper, Publication Date, pp. xx-xx.
  • Lopresti, Mike. "What Price College Football Playoff?" USA Today, 27 June 2012, pp. 3+.

Republished article

When you cite a source republished in another form, provide the publication information of the new source. Optionally, to conclude the citation with the publication information of the previous publication.
Online database (with different title)
Online database (with the same title)

Article in a non-Latin language

When you cite an article in a non-Latin language like Greek, Chinese, Russian, etc., treat it like any other article. Start the entry with the author's name reversed but romanize it as well. Add in brackets the name of the author transliterated. Continue providing the title of the work cited and the journal in the original language. You should transliterate the work cited into the English alphabet and provide a translation of the title in English as well. Enclose in brackets the transliterated and the translated tiltes of the article and the journal. Use semicolon to separate the transliterated titles from the translated ones. Consult the Chicago Manual of Style available at JSB Library or the ALA-LC Romanization Tables to romanize terms in a particular language.
Online web with DOI format
  • Author's Last Name, First Name Romanized [Author's Last Name, First Name Translitetared]. "Title of Article in Original Language" ["Title of Article Transliterated"; "Title of Article Translated"]. [Title of Journal Translitarated; Title of Journal Translated], vol. x, no. x, year, pp. xx-xx, https://doi.org/xx.xxxxxxxxxx.
  • Roussakou, Elpida [Russaku, Elpida], et al. "Υποβάθμιση της Σύγχρονης Ελληνικής Κατοικίας σε Επίπεδο Συντήρησης και Θέρμανσης Λόγω της Οικονομικής Κρίσης" [Ypobathmisē tēs Synchronēs Ellēnikēs Katoikias se Epipedo Syntērēsēs kai Thermansēs Logō tēs Oikonomikēs Krisēs; Economic Crisis Αffects Μodern Greek Ηouse Conditions: Maintenance and Heating Deterioration]. Το Βήμα του Ασκληπιού [To Bēma tou Asklēpiou; Rostrum of Asclepius], vol. 16, no. 3, 2017 pp. 160–175, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.821624.
Click on one of the options below to see examples of other sources citations.

Website

When you cite a website, begin the entry with the author's name (if any) reversed for alphabetizing. Continue with the title of the website italicized, the publisher of the website (if any) and the date of publication. If the publisher is a government agency, which is part of one or more organizational unit, provide the names of all entities from the largest to the smallest. Conclude the entry with the URL of the website. It is optional to provide the date, when you accessed the source.
Entire website
  • Author's Last name, First name. Title of Website, Publisher of the website (if any), Date of Publication, http://www.site.com. Accessed Date of Access.
  • Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, 4 Nov. 2017, https://www.bjs.gov. Accessed 27 Apr. 2017.
Work on a website
  • Author's Last name, First name. "Title of Work." Title of Website, Publisher, Date of Publication, http://www.site.com. Accessed Date of Access.
  • West, Heather C., and William J. Sabol. "Jail Inmates at Midyear 2008-Statistical Tables." Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, 4 Mar. 2009, https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/pim08st.pdf. Accessed 27 Apr. 2017.

Report

When you cite a report accessed from the library's databases or the web, begin the entry with the report's author reversed for alphabetizing. Continue providing the title of the report italicized. Add the report's number (if any) next to the title. Conclude the entry with the title of the database italicized, the report's publication date, and the URL (permalink or stable, if available), where the report can be located.
Online database

Dissertation abstract

When you cite a dissertation abstract accessed from the library's online databases, begin the entry with the author's name reversed for alphabetizing. Provide the title of the dissertation in quotation marks. Continue with the title of the dissertation index/periodical, italicized. Give the volume and issue numbers, the publication date, and the inclusive pages. Add the descriptive label "PhD dissertation abstract". Conclude the entry with the name of the database italicized and the URL (permalink, if available), where the source can be located.
Online database
  • Author's Last name, First name. "Title of Dissertation." Name of Degree-Granting University. Title of Dissertation Index/Periodical, vol. x., no. x, Year of Publication, pp. xx-xx. Descriptive label. Title of Database, http://www.site.com.
  • Friedman, Samantha. "The Impact of Parental Divorce on the Marital Attitudes and Intimacy of Adults and Children of Divorce." PhD. dissertation abstract. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, vol. 72, no. 7-B, 2012, p. 4350. PhD dissertation abstract. PsychINFO, https://acg.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2012-99020-267&scope=site.

Dissertation

When you cite a dissertation accessed on the web, begin the entry with the name of the author reversed for alphabetizing. Continue with the dissertation's title italicized followed by the year, when the dissertation was submitted. Proceed with the name of the degree-granting institution followed by the descriptive label "PhD dissertation". Conclude the entry with the online repository (this can be omitted when it is the same with the name of the degree-granting institution) and the URL (permalink, if available), where the work can be located.
Online web
  • Author's Last Name, First Name. Title of Dissertation. Submission Year. Name of Degree-Granting Institution, PhD dissertation. Online Repository, http://www.site.com.
  • Birch, Rodney G. The Impact of Information Literacy Instruction on the Library Anxiety and Information Competency of Graduate Students. 2012. Olivet Nazarene U., PhD dissertation, http://digitalcommons.olivet.edu/cgi/ viewcontent.cgi?article=1037&context=edd_diss.

Comment on the web

When you cite a comment posted on a web page, begin the entry with the name of the person, who made the comment (this can be a pseudonym like an online username). Provide the title of the comment in quotation marks. If the comment has no title start with the descriptive label "Comment on" and provide the title of the work, which is commented on. Continue with the title of the website italicized and followed by the date and time it was posted. Conclude the entry with the URL (permalink, if available), where the comment can be located.

Tweet message

When you cite an untitled message such as a tweet, begin the entry with the online username of the person, who posted the tweet. Provide the text of the message in place of the title without any changes within quotation marks (ignore capitalization rules). Continue with the title of the website italicized followed by the date and time it was posted. Conclude the entry with the URL (permalink, if available), where the message can be located.

Interview (Personal)

When you cite an interview that you conducted, begin the entry with the name of the person interviewed, then state the kind of interview e.g., "Personal interview." Conclude with the date, when the interview was conducted.
  • Interviewee's Last Name, First Name. Personal interview. Date of Interview.
  • Phelps, Michael. Personal interview. 13 June 2013.

Film/TV series

When you cite a film or a television series, begin the entry with the director's name reversed for alphabetising followed by the descriptive label director. Continue with the title of the film/television series italicized. Provide the name of the company which produced the film or the television series followed by the year of its original release. If the film is viewed on a physical medium specify the type of medium. If the film is viewed from an online database, provide the name of the database in italics and conclude the entry with the URL (permalink if available) of the source.
Viewed on physical media
  • Director's Last Name, First Name, director. Film Title. Producer, Year. Physical Medium.
  • Curling, Chris, director. Masai Women. Royal Anthropological Institute, 2010. DVD.
Viewed from a database

Episode in TV series

When you cite an episode in a television series, and in your paper you are discussing the episode in a general way, begin the entry with the title of the episode, enclosed in quotation marks. The contributors may of the episode may follow. Otherwise begin the entry with the contributor's name you wish to discuss in your paper, reversed for alphabetising. The name should be followed by a descriptive label such as director, performer, creator. Continue with the title of the television series italicized followed by the season and episode numbers. Proceed with the name of the company which produced the television series followed by the date of its original release. Conclude the entry with the online network on which you found the television series and the URL where the episode can be located.
Online network
  • "Title of Episode." Title of Television Series, created by First Name Last Name of creator, performance by First Name Last Name, season x, episode x, Producer. Release date. Online Network, http://www.site.com.
  • "End Times."Breaking Bad, created by Vince Gilligan, performed by Brayan Cranston, season 4, episode 12, High Bridge Productions. 2008-2013. Netflix, https://www.netflix.com/gr/.

Image on a database

When you cite an image from a database begin the entry with the name of the creator. Provide the title of the work in italics. Continue with the date of the work and the art collection or repository in which it originally appears and the location of it. Conclude the entry with the database name in italics and the URL (permalink, if available), where the image can be located.

Hearings

When you cite a hearing, begin the entry with the country name, legislative body and chamber. Continue with the name of the committee. Provide the title of the hearing in italics. Continue with the publishing office, followed by the date of publication, and the URL where the hearing can be located. Conclude the entry with the phrase: Text transcription of hearing.
  • Country name, Legislative Body, Chamber, Committee. Title of Hearing. Publishing Office. Publication Date, http://www.site.com. Text transcription of hearing.
  • United States, Congress, House, Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. The Role and Impact of Credit Rating Agencies on the Subprime Credit Markets. U. S. Government Publishing Office, 26 September, 2007. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-110shrg50357/html/CHRG-110shrg50357.htm. Text transcription of hearing.

Online video

When you cite an online video, begin the entry with the creator's name and the title of the video in quotation marks. Continue with the host website, the publisher, and the date, when the video was posted. In case the creator of the video and the publisher are the same, place the name only in the publisher’s position. Conclude the entry with the URL, where the work can be located. However, if you cite an online video, which does not have a creator, but has been uploaded on the internet, begin the entry with the title of the video enclosed in quotation marks. Continue with the host website, the phrase "uploaded by" and the name of the person, who uploaded the video. Provide the date the video was posted. Conclude the entry with the URL (permalink, if available), where the work can be located.

Video created
  • Creator's Name. "Title of Video." Host Web Site. Publisher, Date Posted, http://www.site.com.
  • "The Information Cycle." YouTube. Digital Literacy U Library, U of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 29 Jan. 2010, https://youtu.be/898CmcAam0s.
Video uploaded
  • "Title of Video." Host Web Site. Uploaded by Name, Date Posted, http://www.site.com.
  • "Microsoft Excel Tutorial for Beginners #1-Overview." YouTube. Uploaded by MotionTraining, 15 Apr. 2008, https://youtu.be/8L1OVkw2ZQ8.